Dabancourt,
for D’Abancourt, Charles Xavier Joseph de Franque Ville de,
1758-1792. A French statesman,
and a nephew of Calonne, he was Louis XVI’s last minister of war (July
1792), and organised the defence of the Tuileries
prior to the attack of August 10. Commanded by the Legislative Assembly to
dismiss the Swiss Guards, he refused, and was arrested for treason to the nation
and sent to Orléans to be tried. At
the end of August the Assembly ordered D’Abancourt and other prisoners to be
transferred to
BkXIX:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
c600-639 King of the Franks 632-639. The last of the Merovingians to exercise personal rule, he made himself
independent of the great nobles, especially of Pepin of Landen. He extended his
rule over the Basques and the Bretons. His reign was prosperous; and he acted
as a patron of learning and the arts. He founded the first great abbey of Saint-Denis, where he is buried.
BkIII:Chap1:Sec1 BkIV:Chap9:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkIX:Chap8:Sec2 The body of
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec3
His founding of the Abbey at
BkXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
The celebrated song concerning ‘Good king Dagobert’ dated from the Revolution,
in which the sans-culottes ridiculed
the monarchy, and was inspired by a supposed incident from Dagobert’s life in
which he arrived at a council meeting with his trousers askew.
Dalberg,
Karl Theodore Anton Maria von, Prince
1744-1817. Bishop of Constance 1800, Archbishop-Elector of
BkXXXVI:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
Dalberg,
Emmerich Joseph, Duc de
1773-1833. A Nephew of Charles, he was in
the service of the Grand-Duke of
BkXXII:Chap17:Sec1 A
Member of the Provisional Government in
1814.
He was aide-de-camp to Marshal Ney
during the retreat from
BkXXI:Chap5:Sec3
Carried Ney’s letter to Napoleon in
Dalesme,
Jean-Baptiste, General
1763-1832 Commander of the French Garrison on Elba, he was former deputy for the Haute-Vienne
to the Legislative Corps.
BkXXII:Chap
26:Sec1 Napoleon’s letter to him.
The wife of Charles Dallas (d.1855, Governor
of St Helena for the East India Company, 1828-1836).
BkXXIV:Chap16:Sec1 Planted trees in the Valley of the Tomb.
Damas,
Ange-Hyacinthe-Maxence, Baron de
1785-1862. General in the Russian army
(1814), he was Minister of War (1823), and replaced Chateaubriand as Foreign
Minister in June 1824. In 1828 he became tutor to the Duc de Bordeaux at Holyrood and
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1 Supports Villèle over the disbanding of the National Guard in
April 1827.
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1 He became tutor to the Duc de Bordeaux in
1828.
BkXXXI:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned in 1829.
BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned in 1833.
BkXXXVII:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Tutor to the Duc de Bordeaux in Prague in May 1833. He was a member of the
BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXXVII:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand questions his ability.
BkXXXVII:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1 Henri’s dislike of him.
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 At Bustehrad,
1794-1840. The brother of Baron Damas, and a
former Gentleman of the Chamber.
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
At dinner in the
The capital and largest city of Syria. Founded approximately 2500 BC, it is thought to be the oldest
continuously-inhabited city in the world, before Al Fayyum, and Gaziantep. The Burid
Emirs withstood a siege of the city during the Second Crusade in 1148.
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1
It never in fact became a Crusader principality.
c304-384.
He was elected pope in October, 366, by a large majority, but a
number of adherents of the deceased Liberius chose the deacon Ursinus (or
Ursicinus), had the latter irregularly consecrated, and resorted to bloodshed
in order to seat him in the Chair of Peter. Valentinian
recognized Damasus and banished (367) the anti-Pope
Ursinus to
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
A French writer and translator, his work on
BkXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
Championed the Essay on Revolutions
in his Réponse aux attaques dirigées contre M. de Chateaubriand, accompagnée de
pièces justificatives,
Dambray,
Charles-Henri, Chevalier
1760-1829. French magistrate, he retired to
Oissel during the Revolution and Empire. Louis XVIII at the Restoration made him Chancellor, Minister of Justice, and President
of the Chamber of Peers. He took refuge in
BkXXII:Chap 24:Sec1 In 1814.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1 Warns Chateaubriand of the King’s flight in
March 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap8:Sec1 In Ghent in 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap19:Sec1 In Mons in 1815.
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1 Chancellor in 1816. Chateaubriand
corresponds with him.
1715-1757. He attained notoriety by unsuccessfully attempting the
assassination of Louis XV in 1757. He was executed in barbaric fashion.
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
A port in Dimyat, Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the Nile delta, about
200 kilometres north of Cairo, it was the
object of the Seventh Crusade, led by Louis
IX of France. His fleet arrived there in 1249 and quickly captured the
fort, though he refused to hand it over to the nominal king of Jerusalem, to whom
it had been promised during the Fifth Crusade. However, Louis too was
eventually defeated in Egypt and was forced to give up the city.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec1
BkXL:Chap5:Sec1
The port mentioned.
Damrémont,
General Chalres-Marie Denys de
1783-1837. Aide de camp to Marmont,
he followed the King to Ghent during the Hundred Days. He later fought
brilliantly in
BkXXII:Chap12:Sec1
He signed the surrender of
A character in a play by Molière, George Dandin ou
le Mari confondu, was a
1668 comedy.
BkXXXI:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand parodies part of Act II, Scene 8.
1759-1840. He was Cardinal of the Curia from 1823.
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
1107?-1205. The Doge of the city-state of Venice from 1192 until his
death, he is remembered primarily for deflecting the Fourth Crusade away from
fighting Islam and into attacking the Christians of Croatia and the Byzantine
Empire.
BkXXXVII:Chap14:Sec1 The quote is from Villehardouin’s The
Conquest of Constantinople, 34.
BkXXXIX:Chap12:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap19:Sec1
Mentioned.
Dangeau,
Philippe de Courcilon, Marquis de
1638-1720. A French officer
and author, born in
BkXXVI:Chap5:Sec1
His Journal mentioned.
1763-1848. A revolutionary general, dismissed during the War of the
Vendée for ineptitude, he had been found a job in
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1 He was
summoned from
A French officer who worked with Lazare Carnot.
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec2 Mentioned.
1265-1321 An Italian Poet, born in
Preface:Sect3
Mentioned by Chateaubriand.
Preface:Sect4
An example of a writer involved with the politics and social upheaval of his
times.
BkI:Chap4:Sec2
Chateaubriand quotes from Paradiso
XVII, 58-69.
BkV:Chap12:Sec1
His descriptions of Florentine factionalism.
BkX:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes Inferno XXXII:127.
BkX:Chap9:Sec1 The Divine Comedy mentioned.
BkX:Chap9:Sec2
Chateaubriand quotes from Inferno
I:73.
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1 Great poet of the Early Middle Ages.
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1 Referred to in a poem of Michelangelo’s.
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1 Originator of modern Italian literature.
BkXII:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes from Purgatorio
VIII:5-6
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec1
Ginguené accused Chateaubriand
of a lack of appreciation for Dante which Chateaubriand subsequently rectified
in his Essai sur la litterature anglaise.
BkXIV:Chap4:Sec1 Chateaubriand quotes from Inferno XIV:46-47.
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1 A reference to Purgatorio VI:20
BkXXIV:Chap9:Sec1
The quotation is from Purgatorio
I:22-24. ‘I turned towards the right, looking towards the Pole and saw four
stars…’
BkXXIV:Chap12:Sec1
He stayed in the Monastery of Santa Croce in Corvo in
BkXXV:Chap1:Sec1
Dante, accompanied by Virgil, meets the
other great poets Homer, Horace, Ovid
and Lucan in Limbo, See Inferno IV:82-105.
BkXXVI:Chap5:Sec1
He was as involved in politics as in poetry.
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1
See Inferno Canto IX:118.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec5
See Purgatorio VIII:6
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2 BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 He
died in exile at
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3 The reference is to Inferno:75
BkXXX:Chap14:Sec1
See Paradiso XI:58-75.
BkXXXIX:Chap4:Sec1
He visited
BkXXXIX:Chap5:Sec1
The 14th century Divine Comedy in the
Marciana in
BkXXXIX:Chap8:Sec1
See Inferno XXI:7-15.
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 Artaud’s translation of the Divine Comedy. The quotations are from Purgatorio XXX, lines 31-32, and then lines 28-29.
BkXL:Chap2:Sec1
His possible visit to
BkXLII:Chap2:Sec1 See Inferno I:49-50.
1759-1794 A statesman and orator, he was a leader of the Cordeliers in
1789 and 1790, and became Minister of Justice in the new Republic in 1792. A
member of the first Committee of Public Safety, he lost power as the Reign of
Terror developed. He and his followers were arrested in March 1794, charged
with conspiracy and guillotined.
BkIX:Chap1:Sec1
The Legislative Assembly elected on a restricted middle-class franchise met on
BkIX:Chap3:Sec1
A contingent of 500 citizen soldiers from Marseilles who had put down a
royalist insurrection in Arles, equipped by Danton, arrived in Paris towards
the end of July 1792, bringing with them the Marseillaise penned by Rouget de Lisle at Strasbourg for the Army
of the Rhine and adapted by the fédérés.
BkIX:Chap4:Sec1 BkIX:Chap4:Sec2 BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Description and fate.
BkXI:Chap3:Sec3 BkXIII:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1
BkXXXV:Chap26:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXIV:Chap5:Sec1
Quoted.
Dantzig,
François Joseph Lefebvre, Duc de, Marshal of France
1755-1820. A Marshal of France, he rose from the ranks in the
Revolutionary Wars and distinguished himself under Napoleon. He aided Napoleon
in the coup of 18 Brumaire and was later made (1803) duke of Dantzig. His wife,
who had been a washerwoman, caused some sensation through her unconventional
manners and is the heroine of Victorien Sardou’s play Madame Sans-Gêne.
BkXX:Chap6:Sec2
His taking of Danzig on
BkXXI:Chap8:Sec1
Commanded the infantry during the retreat.
Europe’s second-longest river
(after the Volga) originates in the Black Forest in Germany as two smaller
rivers, the Brigach and the Breg, which meet at Donaueschingen, and it is from
here that it is known as the Danube, flowing generally eastwards for a distance
of some 1770 miles, passing through several Central and Eastern European
capitals, before emptying into the Black Sea via the Danube Delta in Romania.
BkXXXVI:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand crosses it in 1833.
BkXXXVI:Chap7:Sec1
Ister was the Roman name for the lower course of the
BkI:Chap1:Sec9
It was besieged by Russian forces during the Battle of Danzig in 1734, in the
War of the Polish Succession. It fell in 1735.
BkIV:Chap6:Sec1
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s father encountered the
Russians there.
BkXX:Chap6:Sec2
Lefevbre took Danzig on
BkXX:Chap13:Sec1
Napoleon there 7-11 June 1812.
The
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in September 1806.
BkXXIX:Chap13:Sec2
Mentioned.
A region of the far-western
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1
His exchange of letters with Napoleon.
d.330BC. King of ancient
BkXXIII:Chap12:Sec1 Defeated at Arbela.
Daru, Pierre-Antoine-Noël Bruno,
Comte
1726-1829 A French soldier, administrator, statesman, and
writer, he served in the French Revolutionary Wars, was imprisoned during the
Reign of Terror, and became chief of the army commissary under Napoleon I, who made him a Count. His
exemplary administration contributed to Napoleon’s victories. Daru
also filled various cabinet posts under Napoleon and was made a peer after the
restoration of the Bourbons. His writings include histories of
BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec2
Takes a copy of Chateaubriand’s Academy acceptance speech to Napoleon. In fact
it was Regnaud and Ségur who informed Napoleon of the affair.
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 His disapproval of the Russian Campaign of 1812.
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec4
His advice to Napoleon in
1731-1802. British
physician, scientist, reformer, and poet, whose Zoonomia (1794–1796)
anticipated the evolutionary theories of his grandson Charles.
BkXII:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
A woman of the Bordeaux Market in 1820.
BkXXV:Chap12:Sec1 Mentioned.
David,
King of
d.962BC. King of Israel c1000-962BC, he
was anointed by Samuel as successor to Saul. After Saul’s death he was proclaimed King
of Hebron, and then all
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec2 The words are those of David after the death of his child by Bathsheba. Samuel: XII.23
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2 See the Psalm of David XXIV:9
BkXX:Chap4:Sec1
Anointed by Samuel, see 1st Samuel
XVI;13
BkXXII:Chap13:Sec1
See Psalms CXXXVII:6
BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Jesus was traditionally of the House of David.
BkXLII:Chap13:Sec1 See
1st Samuel:XVI.
David
II, King of
1324-1371. King of Scotland from 1329, and allied with
BkXXXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand incorrectly writes Robert Bruce, his father, who was succeeded by
David in 1329.
1748-1825 French painter in the Neoclassical style. In the 1780s
his cerebral brand of History painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo
frivolity towards a classical austerity and severity, chiming with the moral
climate of the final years of the ancien régime. He became an active
supporter of the Revolution and a friend of Robespierre,
and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the
BkXIII:Chap4:Sec1
His influence on taste.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec2
His unfinished portrait of 1800 of Madame Récamier reclining, is in the
Louvre.
1788-1856. Usually
called David d’Angers, he was a
French sculptor noted for his pediment of the Pantheon, his marble Philopoemen
in the Louvre and his monument to General Gobert in
BkXXXV:Chap17:Sec1
Chateaubriand had met Dumas at his house
Davoust,
(or Davout) Louis Nicolas, Marshal, Duc d’Anerstädt, Prince d’Eckmühl
1770-1823. One of Napoleon's ablest generals, Davout defeated a
Prussian army at Auerstadt (1806) and
played a brilliant part in the victory at Wagram
(1809). He also fought (1812) in the Russian campaign. Napoleon made him duke
of Auerstedt, prince of Eckmühl, and gave him political posts including control
of
BkXX:Chap5:Sec1
As commander of the III corps of the Grande Armée, Davout rendered the
greatest services. At the
BkXX:Chap6:Sec1
He took Leipzig in October 1806.
BkXX:Chap10:Sec1
Made a crucial attack at Wagram.
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXI:Chap3:Sec1 At Borodino.
BkXXI:Chap6:Sec1
At Smolensk in November 1812.
Dazincourt,
(Joseph-Jean-Baptiste Albouy)
1744-1809. An actor, he debuted in Regnard’s Les Folies amoureuses 1776. Created the role of Figaro in Beaumarchais’ play in 1784. He was favoured
by Napoleon.
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1
Actor at the Théâtre-Français.
Deane,
Silas
1737-1789. Political leader and diplomat in the American Revolution. A
lawyer and merchant at
BkIX:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
London Bookseller who handled the sale of Chateaubriand’s Essai,
1797. Cox and Baylis the printers are
recorded as selling through Deboffe, and through Dulau and Co. Deboffe, who
imported foreign books, had premises at 7 Gerard Street (1792-1807) and 10
Nassau Street (1808-1818), both in Soho. A. B. Dulau and Co, printers and
French booksellers, operated from
BkX:Chap5:Sec1 BkX:Chap6:Sec1 BkXI:Chap1:Sec1 Contracted to sell the Essai, subject to a promise of reimbursement for poor sales.
BkX:Chap7:Sec1 Lent Chateaubriand money to reach Beccles, and gave him a letter of introduction to the minister there.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 The Essai was printed in 1797 and appeared on the 18th of March.
A diplomat, he was the nephew of the Duke
Decazes.
BkVI:Chap1:Sec1
Second secretary since 1818.
1780-1860 French statesman, he was a favourite of King Louis XVIII, who made him a duke in 1820.
A lawyer and judge (
BkVI:Chap1:Sec1
French Ambassador to
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1
His reaction to La Monarchie selon la
Charte.
BkXXV:Chap4:Sec1
A favourite of Louis XVIII.
BkXXV:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXV:Chap11:Sec1 A
Minister in 1815. He came originally from Libourne, hence was a southerner. His
fall. Chateaubriand’s comment about his feet slipping in blood was published in
his ‘Paris Letter’ in the Conservateur of
BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1
Decazes resigned on
BkXXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Replaced as ambassador in
BkXXVII:Chap2:Sec1 Chateaubriand entrusted by Louis with discussing him with George IV.
BkXXXII:Chap2:Sec1
Quoted.
Father of the Minister.
BkXXV:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
There are three rivers of that name in the
BkXII:Chap4:Sec2 Byron, whose early childhood was
spent in
Deffand,
Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, Madame du
1697-1780. French
woman of letters, whose salon was frequented (1753-80) by the leaders of the
Enlightenment. She is widely considered the most brilliant woman of her era.
Her letters (1766-80) to Horace Walpole, whom
she loved deeply, are typical of her brilliant, witty correspondence.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec2
Madame de Vintimille might have lived
in her company.
BkXIX:Chap14:Sec3
Mentioned.
A Republican.
BkXXXII:Chap16:Sec1
At the Palais-Royal on
She was a member of the Roman nobility in
1828.
BkXXIX:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
He was an aide-de-Camp to Marmont in 1830. Is this possibly Charles Édouard Delarue-Beaumarchais,
1799-1878, who was later a Brigadier-General in 1852?
BkXXXII:Chap12:Sec1 At Saint-Cloud
Chateaubriand’s doctor in Jersey.
He came from Saint-Servan and had
practised in
BkX:Chap3:Sec1 Treated
Chateaubriand during the winter of 1792-3.
De
Launay, Bernard-René Jourdan, Marquis
1740-1789 Governor of the Bastille.
A gentleman of the neighbourhood of Combourg.
BkIV:Chap5:Sec1 Signatory to Chateaubriand’s father’s death certificate.
A member of the League.
BkXXXII:Chap15:Sec1 Mentioned.
Delaunay-Boisé-Lucas,
see Boisé-Lucas
The
BkVI:Chap7:Sec1
BkVIII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
1773-1847. Industrialist and economist he was
a Deputy 1817-1824 and 1827-1842. His brother Gabriel was Prefect of Police
1836-1848.
BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1 Appointed as a Commissioner on
Delessert,
Valentine de Laborde, Madame
1806-1894. The niece of Natalie de Nouailles
she married Gabriel Delessert (1786-1858) in 1824. He became Prefect of Police
from 1836 to 1848, and a Peer of France. Merimée’s future Muse she collaborated
on the Legitimist paper La Mode where
her drawings were a great success.
BkXXXV:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
Delga,
Jacques-Michel, Colonel
1771-1809. Fought in
BkXVI:Chap5:Sec1
Gave the order for the Duc d’Enghien’s execution?
A claimant on the French Embassy in
BkXXVII:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap13:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
A pseudonym for Tibullus’ mistress.
The lover of Samson, she cut off his hair which was his strength and
betrayed him to the Philistines. See Judges
16.
1738-1813. Born in the
BkIV:Chap12:Sec4
Mentioned.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec2
Described. He wrote of the émigré ills in his poem La Pitié of 1803.
BkXI:Chap5:Sec1
In
BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec2
Chateaubriand’s praise of him in his Academy speech.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 Lines quoted from La Pitié (1830)
BkXXII:Chap3:Sec1
His death on
Delille,
Marie-Jeanne Vaudechamps, Madame
b 1772 A servant from Saint-Diez the
BkXI:Chap2:Sec2
Her tyrannical treatment of him mentioned.
Delisle
de Sales, Jean-Baptiste Claude Isoard
1741-1816 Philosopher. Author of Philosophie
de la nature (1770), which was condemned by the Chatelet and the author
imprisoned there in 1777. He was sentenced to banishment but the sentence was quashed. He also wrote the Histoire des Hommes (1780-1785). A prolific, fertile, and somewhat neglected
writer and compiler.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec3
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned
as an acquaintance of Julie,
and described. He collected a library of 36,000 volumes.
Della
Genga, Cardinal, see Leo XII
Della
Marmora, Carlo Ferrer, Cardinal
1757-1831. Cardinal from 1824.
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
Della
Somaglia, Cardinal, see La Somaglia
A
BkXL:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
The Greek island in the
BkI:Chap4:Sec5 Saint-Malo is Chateaubriand’s ‘
BkVIII:Chap4:Sec2
The Greek island mentioned.
A village in
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec5
Mentioned.
A work by Madame de Staël.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec4 Mentioned.
Delzons,
Alexis-Joseph, General
1775-1812. A Napoleonic general, he fought in
BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
Demaret,
for Desmarest, Pierre-Marie
1764-1832. Originally a priest, at
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Armand taken to his
office in
Demir-Capi, the ‘
BkXVIII:Chap4Sec1
The name of a Khan (=Caravanserai) which Chateaubriand stayed at.
384-322BC. Athenian orator and statesman, he opposed
Macedonian ambitions in the Philippics.
The Macedonians defeated the Athenian-Theban alliance at
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec3
He was chosen, according to Plutarch, to
give the funeral oration for the dead of
BkXII:Chap3:Sec1
The precise harmonies in the classical pronunciation of his work are unknown
today.
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand refers to his famous Oration on the Crown: 13.
BkXXIV:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2 A
famous orator.
1751-1822. A Paris notary, he operated there from 1780.
BkXXV:Chap6:Sec1
He handled a number of transactions for Chateaubriand and ran a sale of
Chateaubriand’s country house, by
lottery, in 1817.
Denis,
Colonel, see Damrémont, General de
Denis,
Marie-Louise Mignot, Madame
1712-1790. The
daughter of Voltaire’s sister. In 1737,
Voltaire assisted in arranging the marriage of his niece, and assumed financial
responsibility for her on the premature death of her husband in 1744. Marie
Louise was hostess to the many people who visited Voltaire’s chateau at Ferney.
On Voltaire's death in 1778, Madame Denis inherited the bulk of his estate.
Preferring
BkXXVI:Chap9:Sec1
Voltaire’s letter to her of
1786-1848. Cousin of King Frederick VI, he succeeded him in 1839 as
Christian VIII. As governor and King (May–October, 1814) of
BkXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand gives a reception for him.
1796-1881. She was the daughter
of Louise Augusta of
BkXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
Denon,
Dominique Vivant, Baron
1747-1825. A Writer, and painter, he carried out missions for the
Foreign Office in
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec2
Chateaubriand’s portrait by Girodet accepted
for the Salon.
BkXIX:Chap17:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes from his Voyage dans
la basse et haute Égypte pendant les campagnes de général Bonaparte, 1802.
BkXXXIX:Chap16:Sec1
An attendee at Contessa Albrizzi’s salon.
He was a companion of Armand de Chateaubriand
in 1809.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Imprisoned at Coutances.
Desaix
de Veygoux, Louis-Charles-Antoine, General
1768-1800. A French general in the Revolutionary
Wars, he served under Jourdan and Moreau on the
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1 His noble birth.
BkXIX:Chap14:Sec1 Went with Napoleon on the Egyptian Campaign.
BkXIX:Chap17:Sec1
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1 Subdued
BkXX:Chap2:Sec1
His death at Marengo on
De
Sales, Delisle (= Izouard, Isoard, Isouard, Jean-Baptiste Claude)
c1741-1816. A philosopher and writer, his De la Philosophie de la Nature (1766) caused a scandal for its
professed atheism and nihilism. The work was condemned to be burned, the author
imprisoned and the censor exiled. Delisle filed for appeal and was supported by
the whole circle of the philosophes
who saw in him the champion of liberty of thought and expression. He spent the
rest of his life trying to earn himself a reputation as a writer and
philosopher and his production of works dealing with a variety of subjects is
impressive. He wrote speculative
books on utopias etc, and various tracts on happiness, the freedom of the press
etc. He published Ma République in 1787.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand sent him a copy of the Essai.
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec2
He published Mémoire en faveur de Dieu
in 1802 (Year X). Chateaubriand looked him up in
Desbassyns,
Philippe, Comte de Richemont
1774-1840. A Colonial administrator he became
deputy for the
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec3 His sister Mélanie married Joseph de Villèle
in 1799.
1786-1859. She was a French lyric poetess.
BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
He was concierge at Chateaubriand’s house in the Rue d’Enfer in June
1832.
BkXXXV:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
She is the tragic heroine of Shakespeare’s
Othello,
Othello being a Moor of Venice.
BkXXVII:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap21:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXIX:Chap13:Sec1
See Othello I:3:164-165.
Chateaubriand adapts the lines.
Desgarcins,
Magdeleine-Marie (originally Louise)
1769-1797. A French actress, born at Mont Dauphin (Hautes Alpes), in
her short career she became one of the greatest of French tragdiennes, the
associate of Talma, with whom she nearly always played. Her debut at the
Comédie Francaise occurred on
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1
Actress at the Théâtre-Français.
BkXI:Chap3:Sec1
Fontanes addressed her in verse in
the Journal de Paris of
1762-1837. Inspector General of the Health
Service, he published a Medical History
of the Army of the East in 1802.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2 BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1 Present in
He transmitted a despatch to Chateaubriand in
BkXXX:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
French Ambassador to
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
Deshoulières,
Antoinette de Ligier de la Garde, Madame
1637-1694. A French poetess, she was
appreciated by Voltaire.
BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Désilles
de Cambernon, Marc, Seigneur de La Fosse-Hingant
c.60 years of age in 1793. He was the treasurer of the Breton
Conspiracy. He fled to
BkV:Chap15:Sec3
His family mentioned. One of his daughters, Jeanne, and his brother-in-law
Michel Picot de Limoëlan (father of Chateaubriand’s schoolfriend) were guillotined in June 1793,
along with the Comtesse de Trojolif.
Captain of a fishing-vessel of 160 tons, the Saint-Pierre, out of Saint-Malo, commissioned to take a group of seminarists
to Baltimore (illegally).
BkV:Chap15:Sec4 He agreed to take Chateaubriand also.
c1312-1383 Advocate-General at the High Court of Paris. Beheaded, 1383.
BkII:Chap7:Sec2
Chateaubriand quotes him.
1763-1830 Chief of the Imperial Police.
He was a member of the Committee for the Medal-Winners of July.
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned in April 1832.
1782-1869. Councillor at the Court of Paris
during the Restoration, he was Royal Prosecutor under the July Monarchy.
BkXXXV:Chap6:Sec1 He interviews Chateaubriand in 1832.
Desmoulins,
Lucie Simplice Camille
Benoist
1760-1794. A French revolutionary and journalist, his oratory of
BkIV:Chap12:Sec1
BkXIII:Chap4:Sec1 He
frequented the dubious area of the Palais-Royal,
but in fact was noted for his conjugal fidelity.
BkV:Chap8:Sec1
He became distinguished as a popular orator in June 1789.
BkIX:Chap3:Sec2
Camille used the title procureur-général
de la lanterne in his pamphlets.
BkIX:Chap4:Sec1
One of Danton’s ‘Furies’.
BkIX:Chap4:Sec2
Guillotined at the age of 34 (born March, died April) though he claimed to be
33 still, the same age as Jesus, in front of the tribunal.
BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1
BkXLII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Desmoulins,
Lucile (Duplessis)
1770.1794. The daughter of Annette Duplessis and Claude Duplessis, a
Treasury official. She married the French revolutionary Camille Desmoulins (her childhood tutor) on
BkIX:Chap4:Sec2
Mentioned indirectly.
An
entrepreneur who built eating establishments at Montrouge.
Despinois
for Despinoy, Hyacinthe-François-Joseph, General
1764-1848. A Napoleonic general, he fought at
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec2
Napoleon’s early opinion of him.
Bankers in
BkXV:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
A resident of Saint-Malo.
BkI:Chap3:Sec3
Chateaubriand’s writing-master.
1799-1870. A French artist, he won the Grand
Prix de Rome in 1826.
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1 He executed a bas-relief based on Poussin’s Shepherds in Arcady for
the tomb.
Despuig
y Dameto, Antonio, Cardinal
1745-1813. Created
cardinal priest in the consistory of
BkXX:Chap9:Sec1
With the Pope at the time of the latter’s arrest in 1809.
1778-1839. Archbishop of Paris from 1821, the favours of Louis
XVIII and Charles X did not
make him subservient. As a peer of the realm he opposed, on behalf of the
middle classes, the conversion of the national debt. At his reception into the French
Academy he publicly lauded Chateaubriand, then in disgrace. After the Revolution
of 1830 the archbishop, twice driven from his palace, had to seek refuge in
humble quarters and to bear in silence the worst calumnies against his person.
However, when the epidemic of 1832 broke out, he transformed his seminaries
into hospitals, and personally ministered to the sick at the Hôtel-Dieu.
BkXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
Intervened on Chateaubriand’s behalf with Charles X.
Desrenaudes,
Martial Borye-Desrenaudes, Abbé
1751-1825. Vicar-General of Autun
under Talleyrand, he became
Imperial Censor. An advisor to the University he wrote his Literary Memoirs.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
He officiated as sub-deacon at the First Federation on the Champ de Mars.
The city in
BkVII:Chap9:Sec1
The Indian tribes from there.
A town in the district of
Kitzingen, in
BkXXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand there 2nd of June 1833.
b.c 511. She was the Gallo-Roman wife of Theodobert, King of the Franks, who
subsequently deserted her.
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1
Mentioned.
1802-1852. Born in
BkXXXV:Chap25:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Devienne,
Françoise Thévenin, called Sophie
1763-1841. She played soubrettes at the Théâtre-Français from 1785 to
1813 when she retired.
BkXVII:Chap4:Sec1 Her
relationship with Monsieur Saget.
Javques-Philippe Devoise was French Consul-General
at Tunis from 1792-1819.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 Hospitable to Chateaubriand in 1807.
Devonshire, née
Georgina Spencer, Georgiana Cavendish, 5th Duchess of
1757-1806 A patroness of letters, she was famous not only for her marital arrangements, her beauty and
sense of style, and her political campaigning, but also for her love of
gambling.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec2
Her meeting with Madame Récamier in 1802.
Bursar of the Cathedral of
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1 Napoleon’s baptism was carried out by his uncle
Lucien, the archdeacon, assisted by Diamante.
Daughter of Jupiter and Latona
(hence her epithet Latonia) and twin sister of Apollo, Roman Goddess of the
moon and the hunt, she carries a bow, quiver and arrows. She and her followers
are virgins. She was worshipped as the
triple goddess, as Hecate in the underworld, Luna the moon, in the heavens, and
Diana the huntress on earth. (Skelton’s ‘Diana in the leaves green, Luna who so
bright doth sheen, Persephone in hell’)(See Luca Penni’s – Diana Huntress –
Louvre,
BkIII:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec2
Cellini’s semicircular bronze relief of Diana as The Nymph of
BkXXXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
Phoebe, like Cynthia, is an epithet of Diana and a name for the Moon.
Diane
de Poitiers, Duchesse de Valentinois
1499-1566. Mistress of Henry II of
BkXVII:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned.
1713-1784 Philosopher. Editor (after 1750) of the Encyclopédie. With Voltaire
a creator of the Enlightenment. Fascinated by science he developed a form of
pantheism. His Lettre sur les aveugles
(1749) and other writings were materialistic and anti-Christian.
BkII:Chap3:Sec3
His play le Père de famille printed
in 1758, and performed in
BkX:Chap8:Sec2 In July 1749, he was arrested and imprisoned at Vincennes as author of the Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient. His publishers gained greater freedom for Diderot in prison, including the right to receive visitors, and finally his liberation, in November 1749.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 A major European name.
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec2
His association with Rousseau’s
set.
The Phoenician Queen of Carthage,
Elissa or Dido, was a manifestation of Astarte, the Great Goddess. A Sidonian,
she founded
BkII:Chap3:Sec4
Mentioned, an example of a famous female lover.
BkVI:Chap8:Sec1
Ercilla told her tale in his epic poem La Araucana.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec3
BkXXIX:Chap13:Sec4
The heroine of Virgil’s Aeneid.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand thinks of her in the ruins of
BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec1
Founder of the city of
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2
The main role in the opera Dido (1783)
by Niccolo Piccini (1728-1800).
BkXXII:Chap
26:Sec1 She is supposed to have marked out the boundaries of
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 For Dido’s half-finished palace see Virgil’s Aeneid IV:88-89
BkXLI:Chap2:Sec1 For Aeneas’ meeting with Dido in the Underworld see Aeneid VI:450-476.
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1 See
Aeneid IV:625
12th century. The wife of Guillaume de Poitiers, she was a troubadour
who sang of her ‘lover’ Raimbaut d’Orange. A few poems survive, one with
musical score. Die is in the Drôme, in the Rhone Alps.
BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1 The
langue d’Oc or Occitan is a Romance dialect
language still spoken in Occitania (i.e.
The town and commune in the Seine-Maritime département
of Haute-Normandie (eastern Normandy). A port on the English Channel, famous
for its scallops, and a regular departure point for England.
BkI:Chap6:Sec1 BkII:Chap1:Sec1 BkII:Chap3:Sec1 BkII:Chap4:Sec1 BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand
notes the chapter as written there.
BkII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
BkXXII:Chap9:Sec1 He
was obliged to seek refuge there in 1812 following a police injunction.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec1
BkIV:Chap10:Sec2 He
rejoined the second battalion of his regiment there in 1789 (or possibly
earlier in 1787).
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Madame de Longueville there in 1650.
BkXXII:Chap9:Sec1
The reference is to BkII:Chap5:Sec1.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec2 Pierre
Belain (1565-1636) sailed from
BkXXXI:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand set off for
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
The town, the Prefecture of the Alpes de Haute
BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Napoleon passed through in March 1815
during his return from Elba.
The capital of the Côte-d’Or, on the
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec2 The
birthplace of de Brosses.
Dillingen an der Donau (Dillingen on the Danube)
in
BkXXXVI:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in May 1833.
1754-1839. ‘Le Beau Dillon’ an army officer, was an uncle of the
Comtesse de Boigne.
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
An associate of Lauzun.
Dillon,
Hélene-Éléonore, Marquise d’Osmond
1753-1831. She was
the daughter of Robert Dillon, Seigneur de Terrefort (1710-1769) and Mary Dicconson.
She married (1778) René Eustache d’Osmond.
The famous memoir writer, Adèle-Louise-Eléonore d'Osmond, Comtesse de Boigne
(1781-1866), was her daughter.
BkXXVII:Chap3:Sec2
Mentioned.
A town in
BkI:Chap1:Sec9 BkI:Chap3:Sec1 BkIX:Chap14:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkI:Chap6:Sec2
Once part of the
BkV:Chap5:Sec1
On the River Rance.
BkXI:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s uncle, Bedée,
retired and died there.
The College was attached to the diocese of Saint-Malo which lacked such an
establishment. It was re-founded in 1777 by Mgr des Laurents, and prepared
students for the seminary. The school year as at Rennes began on the 18th October, Saint
Luke’s day.
BkII:Chap10:Sec2 Chateaubriand
was there until the spring of 1784.
BkXII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
She was the sister of Sheherazade,
here a nickname given to an army captain.
BkIX:Chap13:Sec1
Mentioned.
He was second in command on Chateaubriand’s
ship to Tunis.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap21:Sec1 Mentioned.
A polacre, the word used by
Chateaubriand, was a three-masted Mediterranean merchant vessel.
The village is near Combourg.
BkIV:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
1795-1862. Dorothée de Courlande married Comte Edmond de Périgord, great-nephew
of Talleyrand who granted the
young couple the Duchy of Dino in
BkIV:Chap1:Sec2
BkXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
The owner of Chateaubriand’s residence
in Berlin.
BkXLII:Chap8:Sec1
Her daughter Pauline (1820-1890), eighteen years old, who was possibly
Talleyrand’s daughter, had Dupanloup as confessor, who
arranged Talleyrand’s last rites at the
request of the family. Pauline grew up with Talleyrand whom he called his
‘angel in the house’.
Diocletian,
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
245-313 AD. Roman Emperor 284-305. Born in
BkXVIII:Chap4Sec1
Diocletian’s column, also called Pompey’s
Pillar, at Alexandria.
BkXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
The state of religious belief under Diocletian. His wife and daughter have been
deemed Christian sympathisers. Diocletian himself tried to unify religion
around the pagan gods of
BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
In 305 he retired to Salona (now
BkXXX:Chap12:Sec1
Dedicated in 306, the Baths of Diocletian in
BkXLII:Chap8:Sec1
He died in Salona.
d. after 21BC. A Sicilian historian, he wrote,
in Greek, a world history in 40 books, ending with Caesar’s Gallic Wars. Fully
preserved are Books I–V and XI–XX, which cover Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Indian,
Scythian, Arabian, and North African history and parts of Greek and Roman
history. It is valuable as a source for the lost works of earlier authors, from
whom he borrowed freely, and for his chronological lists of prominent figures
from the 5th cent. to 302BC..
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2
The young Napoleon studied his works.
The
son of Tydeus king of
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
1708?-1804. Cezzar Ahmet Pasha
also identified as Djezzar Pasha,
was a Bosnian-born Ottoman governor who defeated Napoleon during the Egyptian campaign, in Syria
at the siege of Acre. Djezzar, which translates as Butcher, was known for his
brutal techniques when handling enemies.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2
Napoleon fought him at Acre.
The
river flows from
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 Smolensk is on the
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 Herodotus, in his Inquiries, refers to it as the
Borysthenes, derived from a local name for the Scythian river-god.
BkXXI:Chap7:Sec1 Napoleon in retreat crossed the river on
The
mountain valley oracle of
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1 At the site bronze cauldrons on
tripods were set up so that when the wind blew, the cauldrons would touch open
another, emitting a bell-like sound which was said to be the Voice of Zeus.
Dol
The first town of note, in Ille-et-Villaine, south-east of Saint-Malo and North of Rennes, when entering
BkI:Chap3:Sec1 Combourg was built by Junken, Bishop of Dol in 1016.
BkI:Chap6:Sec2
Once part of the
BkI:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand passes through on his way to Combourg in May 1777.
BkII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand attends Dol College.
BkII:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand returns to College after the holidays.
BkII:Chap3:Sec3
The third year at Dol.
BkII:Chap4:Sec1
Towards Vivier sur Mer, Le Mont Dol is a dome like lump of
granite which rises out of the marshland to a height of 65 metres. It was an ancient Druidic ritual site.
BkII:Chap4:Sec3
Chateaubriand acquires marsh fever there.
The school at Dol that Chateaubriand attended.
BkI:Chap6:Sec1
The decision for him to attend the college.
BkI:Chap7:Sec3
Its principal, Abbé Portier.
BkII:Chap6:Sec2
Chateaubriand’s first communion prior to leaving the school,
BkII:Chap7:Sec2
BkII:Chap8:Sec1 BkXII:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
A town in the Jura department of
Eastern France, in Franche-Comté, on the Doubs River, it was the capital of
Franche-Comté until Louis XIV conquered the region; he shifted the parlement
from there to Besançon. The university, founded (1422) by Philip the Good of
Burgundy, was also transferred to Besançon at that time. Louis Pasteur was born
there; his home is now a museum.
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2 Napoleon Bonaparte posted there.
Dombrowski
(Dabrowski), Jan Henryk, General
1755-1818. He is regarded
as a Polish national hero for his part in Tadeusz Kosciuszko’s rebellion
against
BkXXI:Chap7:Sec1 At the
Saint Dominic (Guzman) (1170-1221) the founder of the Order of
Preachers, called Dominicans or Black Friars. He was born at Calahorra in
BkI:Chap4:Sec5 BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXX:Chap7:Sec2 His
flaming-torch, an attribute.
Dominique
L’Encuirassé, Saint Dominic Loricatus
995-1060. Throughout his life Dominic wore a cuirass of rough iron chain
mail next to his skin (hence the name Loricatus, which means clothed in
armour). He wore it not for protection, but for mortification. He became a
hermit, then a Benedictine monk of
Fontavellana Abbey.
BkIX:Chap12:Sec1
Mentioned.
Domenichino,
Dominico Zampieri
1581-1641. A student of Carracci,
BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1 BkXL:Chap2:Sec3 He painted the lunettes depicting the Life
of St Jerome in Sant’Onorio,
BkXXXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.
Domitian,
Titus Flavius Domitianus
51-96AD. The son of Vespasian and brother of Titus, he was Roman Emperor from 81 to
96. He ruled harshly and controlled the Senate. His reign of terror ended in
his own murder.
BkXXIX:Chap16:Sec1 Mentioned.
The name was given to the
BkI:Chap6:Sec2
Mentioned.
A city in the Province of
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, Italy, earlier known as Oscela,
Oscella, Oscella dei Leponzi, Ossolo, Ossola Lepontiorum, and Domo d’Ossola
(because it is in the Ossola valley), Domodossola is situated at the confluence
of the Bogna and Toce Rivers, at the foot of the Italian Alps.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand was there in September 1833.
BkXLI:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
A city in the
BkXXXVI:Chap7:Sec1
BkXXXVI:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in May 1833.
1777-1849. A Republican general he was compromised by a conspiracy
against Napoleon and interned at
BkXXIII:Chap9:Sec1
In
1734-1780. He
obtained a great vogue with a number of heroic epistles. Besides light verse he
wrote comedies, fables and novels. His books were lavishly illustrated by good
artists and expensively produced, to secure their success. He was inept enough
to draw down on himself the hatred both of the philosophe party and of their arch-enemy Charles Palissot, and thus cut himself off from the
possibility of academic honours. Le
Tartufe litteraire (1777) attacked La
Harpe and Palissot, and at the same time D’Alembert
and Mlle Lespinasse.
BkXI:Chap3:Sec1
His affected school of literature.
Doria
Pamphili, Giuseppe Maria, Cardinal
1751-1816. Arrested by the French authorities in March 1798, he was
finally expelled from the territory of the
BkXXII:Chap2:Sec1 At Fontainebleau in 1813.
1250-c1323. Genoese admiral and politician, brother of Oberto (Captain of
the People), won a major sea battle against the Venetian Doge Andrea Dandolo at
Curzola in 1296.
BkX:Chap3:Sec3 Quoted, at
the death of his son.
She was a close friend of Bernetti.
BkXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
Its source is a mountain lake on Mont Cenis, from which it cascades down to Suza in
BkXIV:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand followed its course in 1803.
Athenaeus wrote: ‘Naucratis has
produced some celebrated courtesans of exceeding beauty; as Doricha, who was
beloved by Charaxus, brother of the beautiful Sappho,
when he went to Naucratis on business, and whom she accuses in her poetry of
having robbed him of much. Herodotus calls her Rhodopis.’
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1 See
Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists Book XIII Concerning Women, and the lovely
poem by Posidippus the Greek Hellenistic poet (c280-240).
1542-1629. A French poet and political pamphleteer, he wrote
indifferent verses, but was a redoubtable pamphleteer. After the League had
arrested the royalist members of parliament, he was appointed (1589)
advocate-general. One of his pamphlets, Le
Banquet du comte d’Arête, in which he accused Henry (IV) of insincerity in his
return to the Roman Catholic faith, was so scurrilous as to be disapproved of
by many members of the League. When Henry at length entered
BkIV:Chap12:Sec2
Quoted by Chateaubriand.
Dorogobouj
(Dorogobuzh),
The town straddles the Dnieper River in Smolensk
Oblast, Russia, 125 km to the east of Smolensk and 71 km west of Vyazma.
The town originated before the Mongol invasion of Russia as a fortress
defending the eastern approaches to Smolensk.
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 Napoleon there in 1812.
English agent, involved with the Duc d’Enghien.
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXX:Chap13:Sec1 Napoleon reviewed his troops there in May 1812, and from 17th to 28th May he held a congress of kings, and prepared for war. It was there that, under pretext of satisfying demands for gentler treatment of the pope, Napoleon decided to have Pius VII removed from Savona to Fontainebleau.
BkXXII:Chap3:Sec1 Occupied by the Prussians on
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1 Napoleon entered
BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec3
BkXXXV:Chap11:Sec1 The Dance of Death represented there, and variants later produced for example Christoph Walther’s sandstone relief of 1535.
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
Drouet
D’Erlon, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d’Erlon
1763-1844. He led a
highly distinguished career under Napoleon in
BkXXII:Chap
26:Sec1 Involved in pro-Bonaparte conspiracy in 1815.
1774-1847. One of Napoleon’s generals, he was the son
of a baker, who trained as an artilleryman and took part in the battles of the French
Revolution where he rose through the ranks. Later he had an illustrious
military career notably at Wagram, Borodino, Lützen,
Hanau and Waterloo.
He became a major-general in 1805 and aide-de-camp to Napoleon in 1813.
Napoleon called him le Sage de la Grande Armée (the Sage of the Grand
Army). He was with Napoleon during his exile to the island of Elba, and during
the Hundred Days.
BkXXII:Chap
20:Sec2 Part of Napoleon’s entourage travelling to
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
His comments on Ney’s speech of
1776-1852. He was French Consul-General at Alexandria in 1806.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand left his servant Julien
with him.
A small, distinct religious community based mostly in the Middle East,
whose religion resembles Islam, but is influenced by Greek philosophy and other
religions. The Druze reside primarily in Lebanon, Israel, Syria, and Jordan.
They are not considered Muslim by most Muslims in the region
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2
Mentioned.
1631-1700. English writer and poet laureate (after 1668). The outstanding literary figure of the Restoration, he wrote critical essays, poems, such as Absalom and Achitophel (1681), and dramas, including All for Love (1678).
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1
The Elegant Extracts
(1784) of Vicesimus Knox (1752-1821), headmaster of Tonbridge, was
published in many editions from the 1780s. It includes poems by Milton, Dryden, Addison, Rowe, Pope
and Thomson, and the compiler’s contemporaries such as Smollett, Smart, Goldsmith, Cowper and Burns,
among others,
Du
Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste
1544-1590. He was a French poet who served Henri IV. His work translated into many languages
formed the basis for Milton’s Paradise Lost.
BkXL:Chap2:Sec3 See his La
Semaine, ou la Création en sept journées, of 1578. Its sequel, unfinished
at his death, was part-published in 1584.
1492-1560. French cardinal
and diplomat, younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and uncle of the poet, he
was bishop of Bayonne in 1526, member of the Privy Council in 1530, and Bishop
of Paris in 1532. He was a patron
of Rabelais. He was Ambassador from
Francis I to Henry VIII and Pope Paul III.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec2
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
He was Governor of the Bastille in 1591.
BkXXII:Chap18:Sec1
On
Du
Chatelet, Diane Adélaïde de Rochechouart, Duchesse
d.1794. Executed during the Terror.
BkX:Chap8:Sec2
Her name appears on the death warrant exhibited, and she was executed with
Chateaubriand’s brother.
c.1320-80, Constable of France (1370-80), greatest French soldier of
his time. A Breton, he initially served Charles of Blois in the War of the
Breton Succession. In 1356-57, Du Guesclin held
BkI:Chap1:Sec3
Chateaubriand mentions the variant spellings of the Du Guesclin name.
BkI:Chap1:Sec6
Made alliance with the Chateaubriands.
BkII:Chap10:Sec2
His heart buried at Dinan.
BkV:Chap2:Sec1 BkIX:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 A famous Breton, and his descendants.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec1 He led
the marauding Free Companies into
BkXX:Chap2:Sec2
A Breton, as was Moreau.
Great-niece of Bertrand.
1656-1723. A French cardinal and statesman, he gained the favour of Louis
XIV by bringing about the marriage of his pupil with Françoise-Marie de Bourbon,
Mlle de Blois, a natural but legitimated daughter of the king and Mme de
Montespan; and was rewarded with the abbey of St Just in
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
1793-1834. A Breton, co-founder of Le
Globe in 1824, Deputy for the
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 He
visits Chateaubriand under house arrest in 1832.
Dubourg-Butler,
Frédéric, Comte
1778-1850. A General, he fought in the Vendée then followed Bernadotte to
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec2 BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1 At Arnouville in 1815.
BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1
In
BkXXXII:Chap15:Sec1
At the Hôtel de Ville on
Duchesnois,
Catherine Joséphine Rafin (or Ruffin), Mademoiselle
1777-1835 An actress at the Théâtre Français in 1802, she played the
parts of Phédre in which she debuted in 1802, Semiramis, Dido, Hermione and
Marie Stuart. She was noted for her daring performances, retiring in 1830. Her
tomb is in Père Lachaise.
BkXIII:Chap9:Sec1
Played tragedy alongside Talma.
1733-1816. A French
dramatist who adapted Shakespeare’s tragedies for the French
stage. Although he remodelled the tragedies to the French taste for witty,
epigrammatic style and attempted to confine the plays within the ‘classical
unities’ (of time, place, and action), Voltaire still raged against what he
called Shakespeare's ‘barbarous histrionics.’ Ducis achieved great success with
his adaptations — Hamlet (1769), Roméo et Juliette (1772), Le
Roi Lear (1783), Macbeth (1784), and Othello (1792).
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 BkXXII:Chap15:Sec3 Used the common linguistic style of the age, as a defender of freedom.
BkXLII:Chap9:Sec1 The line appears in Oedipus at the House of Admetus (1778) and again in Oedipus at Colonus (1797).
1704-1772. An author, he studied at Rennes College, then Paris. He wrote
novels, and histories. His most celebrated work however was his Considerations sur les moeurs de ce siècle
(1750). In the same year he succeeded Voltaire
as historiographer of
BkII:Chap10:Sec2
Born in Dinan.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 A major European name.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec3 His
Considerations on Italy was published
in 1791 and recorded his trip there in 1766.
An aide-de-camp to Napoleon.
BkXIX:Chap4:Sec1
Removed Napoleon’s birth certificate from the official register, at Napoleon’s
request.
Ducluzeau
(for Desclozeaux), Pierre-Louis-Olivier
A
BkXXII:Chap 25:Sec1 Mentioned.
d. 1830 A Major commanding a Swiss contingent
during the July 1830 disturbances.
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1 He was killed on
Dufougerais
(Desfougerais) Alfred-Xavier, Baron
1804-1874. A press baron, he ran La Quotidienne from 1828 and La Mode from 1831 which he turned into a Legitimist paper. Deputy
for the Vendee 1849-1851.
BkXLI:Chap4:Sec1 In
He was a Revolutionary general.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned, regarding events of 1795.
Dugazon,
(Jean-Henri Gourgaud)
1746-1809. Debuted in 1770, Dugazon was an ardent revolutionist, helped the
schism which divided the Théâtre-Français, and went with Talma and the others to what became the
Théâtre de la République. After the closing of this theatre and the dissolution
of the Comédie Française, he took
refuge at the Théâtre Feydeau until he returned to the restored Comédie
in 1799. He retired in 1805, and died insane at Sandillon.
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1
Actor at the Théâtre-Français.
Dugazon,
Louise-Rosalie Lefèvre, Madame
1755-1821. Actress at the Théâtre-Italien. Wife of Jean-Henri.
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
Mentioned.
Dugua,
Charles-François-Joseph
1744-1802.
Former soldier who returned to service in 1790, he was a general, Governor of Cairo during
the Syrian campaign, Prefect of Calvados after Brumaire, and a member of the
Legislative Corps. He died of yellow fever.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1 Napoleon writes to him.
Duguay-Trouin,
René
BkI:Chap4:Sec5
Born in Saint-Malo.
BkI:Chap4:Sec8
Mentioned.
BkV:Chap2:Sec1 A
famous Breton, and his descendants.
Master at Dinan
BkII:Chap10:Sec2 He was Chateaubriand’s
tutor in 1783-4.
Duhamel-Dumonceau,
Henri-Louis
1700-1782 A French naval architect, and agriculturalist, he was a
member of the
BkV:Chap15:Sec3
His work consulted by Chateaubriand.
Dulau, Arnaud
1762-1813. A former Benedictine, and mathematics professor at the
College de Sorrèze, he emigrated and became a
BkXI:Chap5:Sec1
Dulau et Cie began publishing the first edition of Le Génie du
Christianisme in 1799.
BkXII:Chap6:Sec1
They ceased printing in the spring of 1800 and handed the composed sheets to
Chateaubriand to take to
Dumas
(Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie), Alexandre
1802-1870. The French writer is best known for his
numerous historical novels including the Three
Musketeers (1844) and The Count of Monte Cristo (1845-46). He also wrote plays,
magazine articles, and was a prolific correspondent. After being compromised by
the riots of 5th and 6th of June 1832, he was advised by the authorities ‘to
travel’ for a while.
BkXXXV:Chap17:Sec1 In Lucerne in August 1832 where he meets Chateaubriand
again.
BkXXXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 His translation of Lobkowitz’s ode, first stanza.
1753-1837. Aide-de-camp to Rochambeau
and then to La Fayette, he was a
member of the Legislative Council, then rejoined the army after 18th Brumaire.
A general in 1805, he became Joseph’s
Minister of War in
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec2 A
quotation from his reminiscences.
A
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
1765-1836. French revolutionary. President of
the National Convention (September-October 1794). Member of the Committee of
Public Safety (December 1794-April 1795).
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1 Proposed that Robespierre’s heirs be hunted down.
d. 1726. He was a French publicist whose
travels in
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
He was a journalist on the Constitutionnel.
He also wrote for the Mercure and the Minerve.
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1
Mentioned in 1830.
Dumouriez,
Charles-François, General
1739-1823. A French general in the French Revolutionary
Wars, after fighting in the Seven Years War, he was employed by King Louis XV on several secret missions. His
career was fading when the outbreak of the French Revolution opened new
prospects for him. Although close to the Jacobins in 1790, he offered his
services to King Louis XVI and became
(March 1792) minister of foreign affairs in a ministry that included several Girondists and that sought war with
BkIX:Chap6:Sec2
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXIX:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec3
Mentioned during the interrogation of the Duc d’Enghien.
BkXXIV:Chap7:Sec1
His victories paved the way for later achievements.
He was a literary man, no details known.
Speculatively perhaps Balthasar Anton Dunker 1746-1807, a German artist, who
later lived in
BkXXXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 If this is the individual, his name in the
visitors book at Carlsbad.
Durkheim,
(Dunkeim in the text, Bad Durkheim since 1853)
A spa town in
the Rhineland-Palatinate of west-central
BkXXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in June 1833.
Dunmore,
John
1730-1809. The British
governor of the
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec3
Chief Logan’s speech to him.
Dupanloup,
Félix-Antoine-Philibert, Abbé
1802-1878. A writer, churchman and
politician, he arranged Talleyrand’s last rites, and was later Bishop of Orléans.
BkXLII:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned
indirectly.
He was Procureur of the High
Court of Rennes.
BkIV:Chap1:Sec3
Alluded to as the relation whom Chateaubriand visited in Rennes in 1786. He stayed for dinner (
Dupaty,
Charles-Marguerite-Jean-Baptiste-Mercier
1746-1788. Advocate-General then President of
the Bordeaux Parliament, he also made a name as an author.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec3 His Travels
through
Dupaty,
Louis-Charles-Marie-Henri–Mercier,
1771-1825. A French sculptor, he was the eldest son of the President.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec3 He
lived for a time in
A Genealogist, he was the author of Histoire généalogique de
plusieurs maison illustres de
BkI:Chap1:Sec3 A
source of information regarding Chateaubriand’s family.
He was secretary to Talleyrand at the Congress of Vienna.
BkXXIII:Chap19:Sec1
Sent to
Duperron,
Jacques Davy, Cardinal
1556-1618. A Protestant convert to
Catholicism, he was Bishop of Evreux, and made a Cardinal in 1604.
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec2 He obtained absolution for Henri IV from the Pope.
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned.
Dupin,
André Marie Jean-Jacques
1783-1865. Commonly called Dupin the Elder, he was an advocate, president of the Chamber of Deputies,
and of the Legislative Assembly. At the election after the second Restoration
Dupin was not re-elected. He defended with great intrepidity the principal
political victims of the reaction, among others, in conjunction with Nicolas
Berryer, Marshal Ney; and in October 1815
boldly published a tractate entitled Libre Defense des accusés. He had a
long career. In 1857 he was offered his old office by the emperor, and accepted
it, explaining his acceptance in a discourse, a sentence of which may be
employed to describe his whole political career. ‘I have always,’ he said,
‘belonged to France and never to parties.’
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec3
BkXVI:Chap3:Sec1 BkXVI:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1 His brochure regarding the Duc d’Enghien published in 1823. (Pièces judiciaires et historiques relatives
au procès du duc d’Enghien etc)
BkXXXII:Chap1:Sec1
A leading Liberal commentator in 1830.
1697-1763. He was Governor
General of the French establishment in
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
She was a fisher-girl of Saint-Pierre.
BkVI:Chap5:Sec3
According to the historian Borde de la Rougerie she was one of the daughters of
Pierre-Jean Dupont, Geneviève,
Adélaïde or Marie then aged 21, 19 and 17 years respectively.
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec4
Probably the same person referred to here.
Dupont
de l’Étang, Pierre Antoine, General
1765-1840. A distinguished Revolutionary and Napoleonic general, who
was forced to capitulate in
BkXXII:Chap
24:Sec1 Minister of War in 1814.
Dupont
de Nemours, Pierre-Samuel
1739-1817. He was appointed as Secretary-General to the Provisional
Government on
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXII:Chap17:Sec1 A
Member of the Provisional Government in
1814.
Dupont
de L’Eure, Jacques Charles
1767-1855. A French lawyer and statesman, and a respected
Constitutional Liberal. In
1789 he was an advocate at the parlement of
BkXXXIII:Chap7:Sec2 Chateaubriand writes to him in August 1830.
Duport
du Tertre, Marguerite Louis François
Executed November 1793, he was a Minister of Louis XVI.
BkIX:Chap6:Sec2
Mentioned.
Former sub-principal of the
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2
His friendship with Napoleon.
1742-1809. At the age
of twenty-four he was made professor of rhetoric at Lisieux.; but his
inclination led him into the field of mathematics. In his work, Origine de
tous les Cultus he attempted to explain not only all the mysteries of
antiquity, but also the origin of all religious beliefs. In his Memoire
explicatif du Zodiaque chronologique et mythologique (1806) he maintained a
common origin for the astronomical and religious opinions of the Greeks,
Egyptians, Chinese, Persians, and Arabians.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 A
major European name.
1610-1688. Naval Commander. Born in Dieppe, he saw
active service in the French Navy before becoming Vice-Admiral of the Swedish
Navy, in 1643, fighting for them against the Danes. He returned to
BkI:Chap6:Sec1 BkIX:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
A woman of the Bordeaux
Market in 1820, she was a picturesque figure in
BkXXV:Chap12:Sec1
Mentioned.
Duras,
Amédée-Bretagne-Malo de Durfort, Duc de
1771-1838. Son of Louise de
Noailles, he was First Gentleman of the King’s Chamber. He was named a Peer in
1814.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1
BkXXIII:Chap8:Sec1
With the king in Ghent in March 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap19:Sec1 At Mons in 1815.
BkXXXII:Chap4:Sec1
BkXXXII:Chap7:Sec1
At Saint-Cloud in July 1830.
Duras,
Clair or Clara de Durfort de, see Rauzan.
1799-1863. She was the younger sister of Félicité.
BkXXII:Chap
24:Sec1 Mentioned.
Duras, Claire-Louise-Rose-Bonne de
Coët-Nempren de Kersaint, Duchesse de
1777-1828. Wife of Amédée, she was a close friend
of Chateaubriand. She left
BkXI:Chap2:Sec4
In
BkXXII:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned in
BkXXII:Chap
24:Sec1 Description of their friendship. Ourika was published in 1823. The
fictional story of Ourika explores the interior conflicts that occur when a
Senegalese child is rescued from slavery and raised in a white aristocratic
society of pre-revolutionary France and then refused a place in that society.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1
Her mother (not her niece as Chateaubriand states) died in Brussels in 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
Her relationship with Chateaubriand in Ghent.
BkXXIII:Chap9:Sec1
Her nervous disposition.
BkXXVII:Chap8:Sec1 Chateaubriand seeks her help regarding the Congress of Verona.
BkXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1
A mention of her unpublished Memoirs.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec4
Madame de Staël and Chateaubriand at her
house in
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1
Her death in Nice occurred on the 16th of
January 18128.
Duras,
Emmanuel-Félicité de Durfort, Duc de, Marshal of France
1715-1789. Aide de camp to
Villars and the King, he took part in all the wars of Louis XV and was made a marshal of
BkI:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkIV:Chap7:Sec1
Ready to act as Chateaubriand’s sponsor at his presentation to the King.
BkIV:Chap9:Sec1
As First Gentleman of the Chamber, he presented Chateaubriand to the king in
1787.
Duras,
Claire-Louise-Augustine-Félicité-Maclovie de Durfort de,
1798-1883. The eldest daughter of Amédée and
Claire, she married Charles Prince de
Talmont, in 1813: he died in 1815. In 1819 she then married Auguste de Vergier,
Comte de La Rochejaquelein.
BkXXII:Chap
24:Sec1 Mentioned.
Duras,
Louise-Françoise-Maclovie-Céleste de Coëtquen, Duchesse de
d. 1802. Daughter of the Marquis de Coëtquen
and Marie Loquet, Dame de Grandville, she was the wife of Emmanuel. She married in 1736, bringing her husband Combourg, and sold Combourg to
Chateaubriand’s father
in 1761. She was widowed in 1789.
BkI:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Duras,
Louise Henriette Charlotte Philippine (de Noailles) de Durfort de, Duchesse de
1745-1822. Daughter-in-law of Emmanuel,
wife of his son Emmanuel Duc de Durfort de Duras (1741-1800), she was
imprisoned under the Terror and released 9th Thermidor. Her prison journals
were later published.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec3
In
1777-1857. Geographer and archaeologist, he published a study on the Topography of Carthage in 1835. His
father, an Academician, who died in 1807, is known for his Latin translations.
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec3
His letter to Chateaubriand.
In Hinduism, Durga is a form of Devi, the supreme goddess.
The 4 day Durga Puja is the biggest annual festival in
BkXXXIX:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
1769-1837. A former officer and a Member of the Legislative Corps,
1805-1809, he became a Deputy in 1827.
BkXXXIII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Duroc,
Gerard Christophe Michel, Marshal, Duc de Frioul
1772-1813. A French Napoleonic
general, devoted to Napoleon, he fought in
BkXX:Chap12:Sec1
His opposition to the Russian Campaign.
BkXXI:Chap8:Sec1 Accompanied Napoleon during the retreat.
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1
Grand Marshal of the Palace, his death at
His daughters.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned, regarding events of 1795.
Durosnel,
Antoine-Jean-Auguste, General
1771-1849. He was an aide-de-camp to Napoleon, a Major-General, and
Peer of France. He became aide-de-camp to Louis-Philippe.
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec2
Appointed Commandant of
A Czech village, in the district of Litoměřice.
BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in May 1833.
Du
Tillet, Jean, Sieur de La Bussière
Died 1570. Lawyer and French historian, he was a clerk of the Paris
Parliament. He left a number of historical works which were printed after his
death. His brother, also Jean, was Bishop of Saint-Brieuc, and then of Meaux.
BkXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Tutor of Louis XVII.
Duvergier
de Hauranne, Prosper
1798-1881. A French journalist and politician, he collaborated on the Globe, the Revue Française and the Revue
des deux mondes. He was a Deputy in 1831, and in the Legislature in 1850.
He formed part of an extensive literary circle which included Stendhal and
Hugo. He was exiled briefly in 1851, and subsequently dedicated himself to his
political writings, including his monumental History of Parliamentary Government in France.
BkXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Rallied to Chateaubriand in 1825.